The blood is then processed in the liver then returned to systemic circulation. It should be noted that above the point of entry of the splenic vein, the vessel is referred to as the hepatic portal vein. The splenic vein continues to enter the superior mesenteric vein. The inferior mesenteric vein travels superiorly, then medially, eventually draining into the splenic vein posterior to the pancreas. Tributaries to the vein also bear the names of the arteries they follow. Above the level of the pelvic brim, its becomes the inferior mesenteric vein. In addition, the feces can be stored in the sigmoid and rectum for several days.The superior rectal vein travels superiorly to the left of its artery. In the colon, water and electrolytes are extracted from the chyme the stool becomes thickened. In the same way, a rotation takes place around the longitudinal axis of the colon. This results in a mediolateral or superoinferior (for the transverse colon) concave distortion in the frontal plane. The transverse colon also moves inferiorly in the frontal plane, whereby the following applies: the fuller it is, the higher it lies.Įach part of the colon completes a transversal motion on its parietal attachment (Toldt fascia, mesocolon). In the sagittal plane, the flexures move anteroinferiorly. The diaphragm is the propelling force for the movement of the colic flexures: in the frontal plane, the diaphragmatic movement is greater on the side than in the center-the flexures move inferiorly and medially (approximately 3 cm in normal inhalations, up to 10cm in maximum inhalation). The greatest movement takes place in the flexures and in the transverse colon. First back tooth in the upper jaw on the right for the right colon.First back tooth in the upper jaw on the left for the left colon.First molar in the lower jaw on the left for the left colon.First molar in the lower jaw on the left for the right colon.Gastrocolic ligament (part of the greater omentum): as a result of this ligament, the right part of the transverse colon has greater mobility Greater omentum (ends at the phrenicocolic ligaments) Hepatocolic ligament (from the liver via the flexure to the right kidney)Ĭystoduodenal ligament (extension of the hepatoduodenal ligament) Possible contact with the bladder, rectum, and uterusĪponeurosis of quadratus lumborum, kidney fascia, iliac fasciaĪbdominal wall indirectly via the greater omentum Pelvic section of the sigmoid can be displaced upward by a full bladder, the rectum, its own state of fullness, or the uterus.Įnvelope of the external iliac artery and vein Middle section can have a diameter of 15 cm. Runs from the posterosuperior part of the iliac fossa along the outer edge of the left psoas, crosses it 3–4 cm in front of the inguinal ligament, enters the lesser pelvis, and ends at the height of S3 in the rectum. Lies further posteriorly than the ascending colon in the lateral area on the left Projection: eighth rib anterior to the left ![]() We usually find it between two horizontal lines-one going through the ninth costal cartilage and the other through the navel-but it also extends to the lesser pelvis.įrontosagittal orientation with the opening in an anteromedial direction The left end lies higher than the right end. Projection onto the wall of the torso: rib 10 anterior to the right ![]() Oriented sagittally with the opening in an anterior-caudal-medial direction Pathway: on the right side in the lateral region superiorly and slightly posteriorly Projection onto the wall of the torso: approximately 2 cm superior to McBurney point The ileocecal valve is found on the left side (superior and slightly posterior). ![]() Runs diagonally in a caudal–medial–anterior direction and ends at the right iliac fossa. Taeniae coli (strong bands of longitudinal muscle, run together into a continuous muscle layer at the appendix and sigmoid)Įpiploic appendices (small pouches of serosa filled with fat) Haustra (noncontracted sections of the intestine) Semilunar folds (contracted ring muscles, not constant) ![]() No villi and mucous membrane folds, only crypts
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